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The outdated fiscal system in Japan, which deters career building among women, significantly hinders women's economic participation and wage growth. This is despite women's labour force participation standing at an impressive 73 per cent. With the prospect of a severe labour shortage in the decades to come due to a decrease in the fertility rate, there is a dire need for rapid reform as current policies are no longer safeguarding low-income individuals and instead, inhibit women's productivity and wage growth.
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28 April's by-elections saw Japan's main opposition party, the Constitutional Democratic Party, win all three seats in a dramatic defeat for the historically dominant Liberal Democratic Party. The losses, attributed to a fundraising scandal and low approval ratings, are seen as a setback for Prime Minister Fumio Kishida. Yet they do not signal a substantive threat to the LDP's power in the upcoming general election, as the CDP's support remains low and anti-LDP votes are still fragmented among various opposition parties.