Author: Tim Meisburger, The Asia Foundation

In the past, Philippine elections have frequently been marred by allegations of widespread cheating and other electoral malpractice. The most famous (or perhaps infamous) method of cheating is called dagdag/bawas (add-subtract), when votes are subtracted from the opposition candidate and added to a favored candidate, and vice versa.

Concerns over election credibility have been exacerbated by the typically long period between voting and the official announcement of results. Read more…